• 28 Jan. 2010
  • 4 min

MBA or Masters: the dilemma of choice

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Thinking business education? Thinking graduate school? Which qualification should you enrol in – the MBA or the Masters? Tim Rogers of QS TopGradSchool.com investigates. Having recently […]

Thinking business education? Thinking graduate school? Which qualification should you enrol in – the MBA or the Masters? Tim Rogers of QS TopGradSchool.com investigates.

Having recently celebrated its 100th birthday at one of the world’s most prestigious institutions, Harvard Business School, the MBA has seen much news coverage over the last year 18 months. Feted as one of the essential qualifications to have as a graduate entering the world of business, the MBA is, however, a comparatively youthful study program when set against the older and more established Masters degree. First awarded in 859 in Morocco, the Masters degree is universally recognized as a higher qualification that confers advanced skills on its holder, irrespective of the subject area in which the degree is earned.

Any discussion of the differences between the two qualifications cannot be entirely separated from the current economic and financial crisis. With close to 100,000 MBA graduates a year leaving US business schools and universities alone, 40% of whom traditionally enter finance or finance-related careers, the undeniable link between the MBA degree and the financial turmoil of the last 12 months has caused many to question both the validity and position of the MBA qualification in today’s globalized education system.

Henry Mintzberg, Professor of Management Studies at Canada’s McGill University, is perhaps the most vocal of the recent critics of the MBA qualification. “My view is you cannot create a manager in a classroom, let alone a leader. You simply can’t. Management is not a science, it’s not a profession, it’s a practice; you learn it by doing it. To claim that you’re training people who are not managers to be managers, is a sham, pure and simple, it’s a sham. You can’t do it. You give completely the wrong impression and you send them out with an enormous amount of hubris which is, ‘I can manage anything, even though I’ve never managed anything’.”

MBA or Masters – the differences
The candidate

So, against this background, what are the essential differences between the MBA and the Masters degree, particularly those in the more specialized business, finance and management fields? The first area to examine is undoubtedly that of the candidate’s experience before they apply. The intention of both degrees is different – MBAs seek to develop appropriate skills on a foundation of a candidate’s life or professional experience, while the majority of Masters degrees build on the academic background of the student.

The program
The second most significant difference between the two graduate-level degrees is that of teaching style. While there have been tremendous developments in the way in which all university programs are taught, particularly with the introduction of new online learning technologies, MBA and Masters programs enjoy entirely different learning styles. Traditional MBA programs are dominated by what is referred to as ‘case studies,’ real world examples of business issues or problems that students are expected to explore, discuss and reflect on in small groups or ‘syndicates’ of fellow students. While the more traditional lectures and tutorial classes also feature in some MBA programs, these are far less common than in their Masters degree counterparts.


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Masters programs, on the other hand, continue to develop their teaching methodologies around classroom or laboratory-based activities such as lectures, tutorials or presentations. While small group work can be a feature of some Masters programs, the emphasis on individual or independent learning is often more significant than in many MBA degrees.

Specializations
Perhaps one of the best illustrations of the difference between an MBA and a Masters-level qualification can be seen in a specialized area such as human resource and personnel management. Where the generalized approach common in many MBA programs is sufficient to equip a student for a range of business-related situations, the more specialized nature of a Masters qualification provides the candidate with the precise academic and theoretical framework to tackle a specific area. In some cases, the difference between the two in a particular area can also be practical in the sense of the teaching style, content of the program and opportunities to develop subject knowledge.

Sheila Russ, a recent graduate from Virginia Commonwealth University in the USA, conveys the differences between the two qualifications in the context of a specialized academic area. “I started in the MBA with a concentration in HR, and then switched to the Masters program in HR Management (HRM). My reasoning for switching programs was simple – the Masters offered more opportunity for me to take the classes I wanted. The MBA program offered a better overall knowledge of business, with 12 classes – but only four of which were electives, so the majority of your course load was chosen for you.”

The employer’s point of view
The differences in such a specialized area as human resources or personnel management are also important to employers. Gary Garber, an HR professional in a Chicago-based finance company, is clear on the differences between the two qualifications. “An MBA has a ton of general business courses and only a few HR ones. As a graduate of Cornell’s Masters in Industrial and Labor Relations (MILR), my experience is the opposite – the MILR has a ton of HR courses and only a few general business ones. Employers certainly consider both degrees, but I think where there are specific HR vacancies, then the level of specialized knowledge the MILR provides you with wins out.”

Russ echoes Garber’s views. “In making my decision to switch programs I spoke with several HR professionals I know through our local professional network. They, my advisor, and our dean of business graduate studies, all gave me the same advice. In a nutshell, what they told me was that if HR is really what you want to do, then the Masters is your best option. You also have to remember that in specialized fields, a lot of schools have MBA programs but a Masters degree is something that can set you apart in the industry.”

MBAs and Masters – the right one for you
While the demand for MBA and Masters programs continues to grow, there continues to be a healthy debate over the relative merits and disadvantages of both degrees. Your choice of program very much depends on two critical factors. Firstly, your ambitions: if you are clear on the type of career or specialism you hope to develop in your future career, then the advantages of a Masters degree often outweigh the more generic, business-focused approach of many MBA curricula.

Secondly, your background and qualifications: the most highly regarded international MBA or Masters programs require very precise entry qualifications, whether they are framed in terms of GMAT or GRE scores, professional experience, academic achievements or language requirements. In this context, the very best program for you has to be directly related to your own background – to make any other choice would be to risk fulfilling your potential.

Notes

The QS World Grad School Tour, the most prestigious Masters and PhD Fair, will visit Bucharest on Saturday 20 march 2010. To get your free invitation visit www.topgradschool.com

About QS

QS provides full-spectrum guidance for higher education and career opportunities, supporting motivated individuals around the world to progress towards their future goals. Through our exclusive events, publications, research and interactive web tools, we link undergraduate, graduate, MBA and executive communities around the world with recruiters and education providers. Our communities include: topuniversities.com, topmba.com, topgradschool.com and global-workplace.com. The highly diverse QS team consists of over 140 individuals from five continents. Our team includes internationally recognized experts in the higher and business education arena. QS operates globally from offices in London, Paris, Stuttgart, Singapore, Shanghai, Sydney, Boston, Washington DC, and Johannesburg.

About the QS World Grad School Tour

The QS World Grad School Tour offers a unique opportunity for potential graduate candidates to meet admissions officers of the world’s top universities face-to-face at venues around the world. Now in its tenth year, the Tour will be visiting 61 cities in 37 different countries in 2010.

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